Role of Angels

New Testament November 5, 2012 Role of Angels Unlike most books in the Bible, where they are mostly historical, Revelation is a book on prophecy. It is believed that John the Apostle. The word ‘revelation’ means ‘unveiling’, it is the unveiling of an apocalypse. It is the only apocalyptic book in the Bible. In Revelation, Jesus will come again to show his servants what is going to happen. This is similar to the Gospel of John, where Jesus comes to show what his Father has shown him.Angles come from the Greek word from a , meaning angel, or â€Å"knowledge† (â€Å"Angels today: all about angels†) also the term angel† in Aramaic, MALAKHA, means â€Å"messenger†. Angels have the knowledge of God’s word and are messengers to spread his word. Angels are also found in many religions, including Christianity, Islam, and Judaism. They are either guardians or messengers from God, â€Å"In some cultures, they are believed to be the mo st powerful type of fairy† (â€Å"Angels today: all about angels†).Is there a hierarchy in Angles? There are some that believe there is. â€Å"Scholars of the Middle Ages believed that angels and archangels were lowest in the order because they were the most involved in the world of men and thus more susceptible to sin. † (â€Å"Angels today: all about angels†). The hierarchy according to Angels today are; first hierarchy seraphim and cherubim. Seraph is mentioned in Isaiah 6:1-7 with six wings, two covered their faces, two covered with feet and two were for flying.Cherubim’s are mentioned in Ezekiel 1:5 as, appearance form that of a man, but each of them had four faces and four wings, their legs were straight; their feet were like those of a calf, under their wings they had hands of a man. Second hierarchy includes dominions and powers or authorities, mentioned in Ephesians 6:12 â€Å"For our struggle is not against flesh and blood, but against th e rulers, against the authorities, against the powers of this dark world and against the spiritual forces of evil in the heavenly realms†. The third and final tier of the hierarchy is the angels’ archangels.Angels are known as the messages of God. Archangels come from Greek meaning chief angel. The word Archangel only comes up twice in the New Testament and only once with an angels name, Archangel Michael in Jude 1:9. It’s noted that the word archangel is never plural in the New Testament, but in other books there is other mentions of other archangels; Raphael in the Book of Tobit, Uriel in the second Book of Esdras and Gabriel is believed to be an archangel but has no direct mentions of it. It is the making of four archangels.Angels play an important role in the book of Revelation, being involved with many of God's judgments upon the earth. Revelation starts with the breaking of the seven seals. The first four summon the Four Horsemen, White Horseman to conquer and spread the gospel, Red Horseman represents war to make man slaughter each other, Black Horseman represents famine, and the Pale Horseman represents death (Rev 6:1-8). The fifth seal brought the souls of those who had been slain because of the words of God to the altar (Rev 6:9). The sixth seal caused a great earthquake (Rev 6:12).When the seventh seal was broken, seven angels came down from heaven with seven trumpets representing the seven plagues (Rev 8:2). First trumpet sounded and hail and fire mixed with blood is hurled to the earth. One third of earth is burned up; one third of trees and all green grass is burned up. Second trumpet sounded and a huge, blazing mountain thrown into sea; one third of the sea turned to blood; one third of sea creatures died; one third of ships destroyed. Third trumpet sounded and a blazing star fell on one third of rivers and springs of water, one third of waters turned bitter killing many people.Forth trumpet sounded and one third of sun, moon , and stars are struck, one third of the day was dark and one third of night. Fifth trumpet sounded and a star fallen from the sky is given the key to unlock the abyss. The sun, moon, and stars were darkened by smoke from the abyss as locusts came down upon the earth; these creatures had power to torment those who did not have the seal of God on their foreheads for five months. Sixth a release the four angels bound at the river Euphrates; one third of mankind is killed; a two hundred million man army is organized and activated. Rev 8-9). Seventh angel blew his horn starting the battle of Armageddon, then came flashes of lightning, rumbling, peals of thunder and a severe earthquake (Rev 16:16-17). Some of these plagues are very similar to the plagues of Moses. The first trumpet is similar to the eighth plague in Moses, the Lord said ‘Take handfuls of soot from a furnace and have Moses toss it into the air in the presence of Pharaoh. It will become fine dust over the whole land of Egypt and Festering boils will break out on men and animals throughout the land. (Exodus 9:8-9). The second trumpet is like the first plague in Moses, where every stream, canal, reservoir, and even the water in wooden buckets and stone jars were turned to blood (Exodus 7:19). The fourth trumpet is like the ninth plague, and the LORD said unto Moses, Stretch out tine hand toward heaven, that there may be darkness over the land of Egypt, even darkness which may be felt. And Moses stretched forth his hand toward heaven; and there was a thick darkness in all the land of Egypt three days (Exodus 10:21-22).Finally the locusts coming from abyss and tormenting those without the seal of God, is both like the locusts of the eighth plague, bringing locusts to Egypt in Exodus 10:4 and that without the sign on them from Exodus 9:8. The start of Armageddon could have well before Revelation, but in Revelation 12:7-9, â€Å"And there was war in heaven. Michael and his angels fought against the dragon, and the dragon and his angels fought back. But he was not strong enough, and they lost their place in heaven. The great dragon was hurled down – that ancient serpent called the devil or Satan, who leads the whole world astray.He was hurled to the earth and his angels with him†. This all-out war in heaven forced Satan down to earth and to be enslaved till the day of Armageddon. â€Å"Satan, being a very intelligent foe, well remembers how he was outgunned in that battle. His angels are no match for Christ (Michael) and heavens angel army, so if they ever meet again he will need serious reinforcements. † (Cross). After Satan was defeated and sent to hell, one could imagine how Satan must have felt and waiting, planning for the day he could come back for one last final battle.After being defeated in heaven he will be looking for a fairer playing field, here on earth. Satan is preparing his army during the blowing of trumpets and the seven plagues. â€Å"The n they gathered the kings together to the place that in Hebrew is called Armageddon† (Rev 16:16). The start of the battle of Armageddon starts in Revelation 19, â€Å"I saw heaven standing open and there before me was a white horse, whose rider is called Faithful and True. With justice He judges and makes war. His eyes are like blazing fire, and on his head are many crowns. He has a name written on him that no one but he himself knows.He is dressed in a robe dipped in blood, and his name is the Word of God. The armies of heaven were following him, riding on white horses and dressed in fine linen, white and clean. Out of his mouth comes a sharp sword with which to strike down the nations. ‘He will rule them with an iron scepter’ He treads the winepress of the fury of the wrath of God almighty. On his robe and on his thigh he has this name written: King of kings and Lord of lords†. Who is this guy on the white horse? The White Horseman? He’s not the Ki ngs of kings or the Lord of lords.Is this Jesus himself setting off into a glorious battle, or just another angel or heavenly being. To sum up what the battle of Armageddon is, â€Å"It is simply the final battle between Satan and his armies fighting against Christ and his armies for mastery and ownership of the world, and the final defeat of Satan’s rebellion †¦ and human against human, the 200,000,000 man army created by the kings of the earth and Christ. The outcome is such that sinners are destroyed and all sin is contained, for 1000 years† (Cross). Revelation 21 â€Å"The New Jerusalem† is the only time a New Jerusalem is mentioned. Because the book was written after the destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem in A. D. 70† (Price). During Jesus times, his disciples wanted him to bring them a New Jerusalem and bring power back from the Romans. There is a slight reference to the destruction of the temple by the Romans in Revelations. â€Å"I did no t see a temple in the city, because the Lord God Almighty and the Lamb is its temple† (Rev 22:22). The best description of this New Jerusalem is, â€Å"made ready as a bride adorned for her husband†¦ the bride, the wife of the Lamb† (Rev 21:2-9).Randall Price pointed out the Jewish tradition that John would have knew well and the metaphor that is used in Revelation 21. â€Å"In John 14:2. The background of the marriage metaphor is the Jewish custom of the bridegroom husband leaving the bride at the betrothal to prepare a new house where they would dwell together once he returned to take away his bride. † (Price). This city is heaven on earth, â€Å"Nothing impure will ever enter, nor will anyone who does what is shameful or deceitful, but only those whose names are written in the Lamb’s book of life† (Rev 21:27).In Revelation 22, there is another angel that shows John the river of the water of life and the tree of life. The river flowed from th e throne of God down the middle of the great city â€Å"New Jerusalem† and the tree of life â€Å"bearing twelve crops of fruit, yielding its fruit every month. And the leaves of the tree are for the healing of nations. No longer will there be any curse. † (Rev 22: 2-3). This is the city of God and is protected from all things evil. After John had witnessed this vision he fell down before the angel who showed him, and the angel told him, â€Å"Do not do it!I am a fellow servant with you and with your brothers the prophets and all who keep words of this book. Worship God! † Today we see many influences of angels in the modern world. There are shows like Touched by an Angel and Supernatural and show angels in them. These shows show the interaction of angels with people and the hierarchy of angels. The angels in Revelation are the beginning of Armageddon, come to fight the army of Satan and show the promised land of New Jerusalem. Work Cited â€Å"Angels today: al l about angels†.Web. November 4, 2012. Cross, Jack. The Apocalypse of Jesus; the Angels and the Earth, â€Å"Revelation† 2012. Web. November 4, 2012. Cross, Jack. The Apocalypse of Jesus; the Angels and the Earth, â€Å"Ehe End of the Conflict† 2012. Web. November 4, 2012. Price, Randall. â€Å"The New Jerusalem†. Jerusalem in Prophecy, Harvest House Publishers. 1998. Digital File. November 4, 2012. Zondervan NIV Study Bible. Fully rev. ed. Kenneth L. Barker, gen. ed. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2002. Print. November 4, 2012.

Police and SWAT Teams

SWAT stands for Special Weapons and Tactics, and is an extremely important branch of Law Enforcement that is primarily designed for subduing heavily armed criminals and saving the lives of many. SWAT is even considered the most important job in the Law Enforcement branch, and for convincing reasons. Some have the opinion that SWAT teams are intimidating to the public do to their military-styled tactics and operational procedures. However, it is these frightening tactics that save lives and eliminate serious criminal threats. These days there are extremely violent criminals, heavily armed gangs, large drug cartels, and the public needs capable units for protection. It is SWAT’s job to come in when the situation is considered out of regular police officer abilities. These situations include hostage rescue, high risk search warrants and anti terrorism. Is SWAT really necessary? The answer is an outrageous YES, SWAT is a necessity! Couldn’t police officers take care of the situations that we have SWAT for? The answer is an incredible NO; the regular police force does not have what it takes to fulfill SWAT duties. With the threat of terrorism on the rise and the new technology this century has brought about, the role of SWAT teams has expanded, and their importance has never been greater. Police officers are not enough when it comes down to the safety of USA citizens, and SWAT teams are needed to take care of the deadly criminals and resolve high risk situations that today may present in the quickest and most effective way possible. Without SWAT, it would be like August 1, 1966 all over again, a tragic incident that showed the need for a special team designed for high risk situations. SWAT is simply a necessity to keep all American citizens from being victims of dangerous criminals. Without SWAT, our defense against crime would depend primarily on the regular the police force, and as The Texas Clock Tower Shooting showed, that is not enough. On august 1, 1966, a man named Charles Joseph Whitman randomly killed over a dozen people and wounded another 30 or more from the top of the University of Texas clock tower in Austin in under 90 min with his high powered rifle. The police force was so uncoordinated for a situation like this, that even though they got there within minutes, they were unable to stop the rampage of the â€Å"Texas Tower Sniper† for over 90 minutes. It is even said that there was a large amount of luck involved in stopping him when they did. August 1 was the birth date of SWAT because it was on that day that Law Enforcement realized that they needed special plans for these types of situations. Though the police officers involved were undoubtedly performing to the best of their abilities, they did not have the type of tactical training or special weapons needed to quickly suppress this type of violent crime. This devastating massacre opened the eyes of America, and put a spot light on how truly vulnerable the everyday person really was. No one could feel safe if something didn’t change, for as Charles Whitman showed, even an honor student could create such a tragic scene. It was then that Chiefs of police decided that they needed to have teams of officers with equipment and training to carry out special plans for these types of incidents. In this day, 2010, our country would be devastated by deadly crime sprees without SWAT teams. If one man could create such havoc in 1966 with a hunting rifle, imagine what would happen in this day and age with the new technology and groups of organized crime such as terrorists. Police officers do not have the training to deal with dangerous hostage situations. Nor do police officers have the ability to eliminate terrorist threats, or subdue heavily armed criminals. SWAT teams are a necessity for the protection of innocent American citizens. One main reason why police officers are insufficient for carrying out SWAT duties is their training and abilities. SWAT officers are trained specifically to work as a team, usually consisting of four officers, to carry out their duties in the fastest way possible, with the absolute most organization in any given situation, and to do so with the very minimum number of casualties attainable. Team members have to gel and work together as a cohesive unit and this is accomplished by training, training, and more training†(http://ezinearticles. com/? The-Swat-Team&id=646368). Swat Training or Tests include a written exam, fitness test, firearms test, review board, and psychological evaluation. The fitness test consists of maximum bench press rep, maximum leg press rep, most pushups acquired within one mi nute with perfect form, maximum sit-ups reached within a one minute time period, a timed 1. 5 mile run, 300 yard sprint, and 150 lb dummy exercises are the bare minimum. Some teams have more difficult fitness training or tests that can even involve swimming. The firearms test consists of target acquisition drills, rapid fire sequences drills, shooting on the move drills, and mechanical knowledge of weapon operation testing. Review board is an exercise or test to see if the individual has the ability to â€Å"think on their feet and gain insight into their suitability for assignment. A great amount of information may be gained from a candidate including personality type, the amount of preparation they put into testing, their ability to work as part of a team, and their level of commitment. Some interviews may also require the candidate make a presentation on a SWAT-related topic† (http://www. specialoperations. com/Domestic/SWAT/swattraining. html). Special Weapons and Tactics teams are on call every hour of every day, even when considered â€Å"off duty†. SWAT duties are all of high risk, requiring SWAT officers to be a person that is not flustered easily, and with a very high level of maturity. What’s great about SWAT officers is that they are often also police officers as well. Police officers that fit the criteria are trained to be SWAT officers. When a situation needing the SWAT profession is presented, then the officers of the Special Weapons and Tactics team are called upon. This means that not only do you have a SWAT team, but you get well trained officers on duty until their SWAT duties call. SWAT duties include, but are not limited to, â€Å"Sniper Situations, Barricaded Suspects, Hostage Situations, Dignitary Protection, Civil Disturbance, Search & Arrest Warrants, Armed Suspect, Narcotics Raids, Anti Terrorism† (http://www. hollywoodpolice. org/special_units/swatteam. tm). It is plain to see, that SWAT teams are not around for directing traffic or calming domestic disputes, but only serious and deadly conditions that involve high stress and need to be eliminated as quickly and safely as possible. However, training to be a police officer is much different than training to be a SWAT officer, as is their duties. Policemen aren’t tested nearly as much for physical ability, how well they can â€Å"think on t heir feet† or problem solve fast and efficiently, or even how well they can shoot. Police officers are trained to perform or take care of situations that most likely include, â€Å"conducting patrol duties on foot and by car and bicycle, responding to calls and requests from the public to assist, domestic disputes, fires and public disorder, attending road-related incidents including collision scenes, vehicle check points and traffic offences, delivering death and hospital messages to families, conducting initial investigations, gathering evidence, taking statements, interviewing suspects and victims as well as witnesses, searching individuals or personal property like vehicles, and conducting arrests† (http://www. rospects. ac. uk/p/types_of_job/police_officer_job_description. jsp). If one was to look, one would find that police officers are not qualified for even the very basic SWAT situation. Police training just simply doesn’t prepare officers to carry out SWAT duties proficiently, if even at all. Simply put, police officers are around to keep the peace and prevent serious situations from breaking out. In general, policemen are here to, â€Å"protect and serve† (http://ezinearticles. com/? Duties-of-a-Police-Officer&id=1835924). What if the peace is already gone, and can no longer be kept? What happens when protecting and serving isn’t enough, for the people of America are already in harm’s way? That is the core reason for the existence of SWAT teams all around the United States. When the serious situations find ways around the defense of the police force and present themselves, it is then that SWAT, Law Enforcement’s best defense, is called upon by the people of America for protection. Another reason why SWAT teams are needed, and police officers alone are not enough, is this day and age we live in. In 1966, just one man was able to raise havoc with just an arsenal of, â€Å"three rifles, a sawed-off shotgun, two handguns, hundreds of rounds of ammunition, a five gallon container of water, some sandwiches, and a can of gasoline†(Captain Robert L. Snow, pp. 1-7). The police force could not stop one man before he randomly killed over a dozen innocent people passing by the University on a beautiful summer day, and wound close to forty victims enjoying the sun. There is no doubt in my mind that if police officers were not enough then, they are not enough now. It is especially critical that we don’t just depend on the police force now as we did back then do to the new technology. If the events of august 1st 1966 were to reoccur in the present with our new resources and improved arsenal, but no SWAT team, the outcome would be devastating. Imagine the number of casualties if a man went on a rampage today as happened on august 1st, but instead was equipped with assault rifles, sniper rifles, explosives, and even deadly chemical threats like anthrax. For example, a weapon under development called the â€Å"Metal Storm† fires an excess of one million rounds per minute. One burst of over a thousand bullets is fired so quickly that it sounds as if one bullet was shot. It is said that, â€Å"A computerized fire control system precisely controls the firing signal to each round in the barrel. As there is no need to mechanically reload the barrel after each round is fired, Metal Storm has complete control over the timing and rate of fire. As a result, the weapon can be used to deliver a single round or dozens of rounds instantaneously at the target. † (http://www. metalstorm. com/content/view/64/109/). Aside from that, there are even such things as automatic pistols today such as the â€Å"Ingram M11† that can fire 1200 rounds per minute. This new technology allows a frenzy of over one million bullets to be hurled at a target. The fastest firearms of the 1960’s were automatic assault rifles like the AK-47. These automatic assault rifles fired close to six hundred rounds a minute, which doesn’t even come close to competing with the rate of fire of newly discovered weapons. With an unorganized and badly prepared police force, people may keep dying until the criminal runs out of ammunition and materials, and that is not expectable. With a SWAT team however, America can breathe a bit easier for many reasons. SWAT teams are trained specifically to prevent these certain tragedies, and they too have an adequate arsenal. The basic SWAT team is equipped with, â€Å"the Heckler & Koch 9mm MP5 Submachine Gun, the Colt . 45, Glock . 40-. 45, or the Smith & Wesson . 40-. 45, CS gas, flash bangs, tear gas, Tactical vests, and sometimes helmets†(http://fcswat. tripod. com/faq. htm). This equipment is also why SWAT is called upon, as shown in this following situation that could have turned very bad if not for SWAT. â€Å"Officers said they heard the sound of ammunition eing chambered in a shotgun (or racked), according to CPD Sgt. Rich Weiner. Officers backed off, set up a perimeter and called in SWAT. SWAT arrived at the complex shortly after 12:30 p. m. Medics already were on the scene. Police blocked off the apartment complex; no one could enter or exit the complex. Residents also were evacuated from their apartm ents during the standoff. SWAT shot tear gas into the apartment and arrested the suspect without further incident before 3 p. m. † (http://www2. nbc4i. com/cmh/news/crime/article/cpd_swat_responds_to_apartment_complex/32010/). I can say with confidence, that had there been SWAT teams available on august 1st, 1966, Charles Whitman would have been stopped at least twice as quick, maybe even prevented. Finally, we must have SWAT teams to deal the increase in terrorist activities. SWAT teams have not been called on for many terrorist activities yet, for there haven’t been many terrorist attacks on United States soil. SWAT training for Terrorist attacks is mostly a plan, but a very important plan. In already having an organized and thought out plan, SWAT will be prepared to protect America if terrorists do attempt anything in the United States of America. As SWAT Officer Lt. Andrew Esposito says, â€Å"The threat of an international terrorist attack against our country is not to be taken lightly by law enforcement professionals† and also states â€Å"As professional police officers we are all aware of the threat. The training is out there to provide information and resources on how to deal with terrorism, whether it is domestic or foreign. †(http://www. infowars. com/swat-officer-says-posse-comitatus-makes-u-s-vulnerable-to-terror/). Thanks to SWAT teams, we have a defense if terrorists’ attacks start to break out in our nation due to the training and existence of a plan. Before SWAT teams, there wasn’t even a plan, or a single idea of what to do in case of a terrorist attack. Terrorism isn’t taken lightly, especially since 911, which is why courses have been provided. â€Å"From October 2008 to October 2009, Security Solutions International (SSI) conducted 12 SWAT Counter Terrorism courses around the country with hosting agencies. The courses have been taught on the East Coast, on the West Coast and in the Midwest, with a total of 48 LE agencies. †(http://www. thecounterterroristmag. com/pdf/CTMAG. DecJan09. SWAT. Trai ningReview. ores. pdf). That’s the most important thing, a well organized plan, with officers trained and capable of carrying the plan out. In brief, 2010 brings a new threat to the safety of anyone and everyone in the United States of America. The Law Enforcement we currently have is of utmost certainly a necessity to protect Americans from any threats. The twenty-first century brings new technology to the desperate hands of deadly criminals, and gives these Law breakers the opportunity to pose much more of a threat than they ever could in 1966 or anytime before now. Improved automatic rifles bring unlawful citizens the ability to hurl monumental amounts of bullets into crowds of people in less than half the time. Improved technology in ballistics and scopes allows criminals to post up with high powered sniper rifles and carelessly pluck off innocent victim after victim from a mile away with deadly accuracy. New and easier ways of manufacturing more powerful explosives have made it easier for murderers to demolish whole buildings full of people, a massacre of grate loss in less than 10 seconds. Toxic chemical threats, an invisible airborne killer, could be released in densely populated areas, killing all exposed to it with no mercy. Organizations bent on burning down America could strike at any opportune moment, and it would take more than police officers to save our friends and family from their ruthless attacks. The list is a sad one, and it could keep going, but it doesn’t need to. Any one of those scenarios is creditable of being able to take lives, and to save those lives is more than just a worthy reason to have SWAT teams in full swing. It is the purpose of SWAT’s existence.

To Kill A Mockingbird and Chapter

Week 1 Introducing â€Å"To Kill A Mockingbird† [pic] By the end of this week students should be able to: †¢ Complete a journal entry of their understanding of the novel. To Kill A Mockingbird The main text for study this semester is To Kill a Mockingbird, a Pulitzer Prize-winning novel by Harper Lee published in 1960. The novel is loosely based on the author's observations of her family and neighbours, as well as an event that occurred near her hometown when she was 10 years old. Lee's novel is widely taught in schools in English speaking countries with lessons that tie into tolerance and prejudice.The novel addresses themes such as courage, racial injustice, the death of innocence, tragedy, and coming of age, set against a backdrop of life in the Deep South. The character of Atticus Finch, the narrator's father, has served as a moral hero for many readers, and a singular model of integrity for lawyers. One writer noted its impact in saying, â€Å"In the twentieth centu ry, To Kill a Mockingbird is probably the most widely read book dealing with race in America, and its protagonist, Atticus Finch, the most enduring fictional image of racial heroism. â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird has proven to be not only an extraordinarily influential book, but a controversial one as well. Initially perceived as a novel addressing racial justice, To Kill a Mockingbird has been the target of various campaigns to have it removed from public classrooms, often for its use of racial epithets. Reading Goals and Workbook Before delving into the book make yourself regular reading goals. These will help you stay motivated with your reading and not forget any characters or important details! Two or three chapters a day or 30 minutes of reading each day is an excellent start. Read also  How Powerful Do You Find Atticus Finch’s Closing Speech?Also know your â€Å"peak time†. People work best at different times of the day, and only you know when you work most efficiently. Figure out when you seem to be more focused and organise your reading around that! This semester you will also be keeping a workbook (word document or exercise book); which you will be submitting at the end of the semester. There will be certain tasks we will be asking you to complete in your workbook and which you can post in My Online Journal in Janison if you wish to share these with other students.You should use your workbook as a tool to jot down your initial responses to topics, your reflections on particular ideas and so on. You can review and reflect upon your weekly work in your workbook. This is similar to the weekly reflections you completed at the end of each week in semester 1. You can also use your workbook to build up your English vocabulary. Every time you c ome across an unknown or unfamiliar word jot it down in your workbook and then work out its definition. If you choose to post some of your reflections online, you will find instructions on how to do this on pages 9-10.However, be mindful that if you choose to post your reflections online it will be accessible by other students and teachers. Therefore, if you do not wish to share your personal thoughts/reflections with others then you should not post these online. Instead it would be best to use a workbook (word document or exercise book) to store these reflections, and only post the required ‘Journal’ tasks online To Kill A Mockingbird Guide To Kill A Mockingbird is a great read! It is divided into two parts and comprises a total of thirty-one chapters. Part one introduces us to Maycomb and its inhabitants and the three major storylines in the novel:In Part two the racism in their community is revealed to the children through the trial of Tom Robinson. They learn about the positive and negative sides to human nature and solve the mystery of Boo Radley. Below and over the next few pages are questions that should help you find what is important in the novel and could prove useful for you understanding the plot, characters and themes in the book. Also they could be useful when you need to refer back to each chapter during your study of ‘To Kill A Mockingbird’. You do not have to answer the questions; they can act as points to summarize what happens in each chapter.However, you can choose to answer these questions by recording them in your workbook, or you can use chapter questions as a guide to writing a short summary about each chapter. Chapter-by-Chapter questions Activity 1: I Knew That! And now I know†¦ As you read the novel â€Å"To Kill A Mockingbird†, list five important things that you already knew about life in America in the 1930’s and five important things that you have learned. This task can be completed in you’re My Online Journal if you wish. If you complete it online, let your teacher know the date of your entry. I Knew†¦ | |1. | | | |2. | | | |3. | | | |4. | | | |5. | | | Now I know†¦ | |1. | | | |2. | | | |3. | | | |4. | | | |5. | | |Instructions for Setting up your Online Blog†¦ Go to www. distance. vic. edu. au and click on online courses. Your login is your DECV number and your password is your 8 digit date of birth, yearmonthday. For example, if your date of birth is 15th June 1992, then your password is 19920615. (Note that this is the backwards version of how you would normally write your birth date. ) Once you have logged in on the left side you will notice a tool bar with a list of all the subjects you are doing with the DECV. Click on ENGLISH UNIT 4 YEAR 9/10.The front page of the Year 10 English course will open. Go to the left side tool bar and Click on ‘My Online Journal’. My Online Journal area will open. Now it is time to make your first journal entry. Go to the right side of the ‘My Online Journal’ page and click on Create New Entry under the heading ACTIONS. A new page will open up titled EDIT/CREATE BLOG ENTRY. Tick the box USE TEXT EDITOR. The page will automatically refresh. You will notice that the Text Editor works like a Microsoft Word document. So anything you can do in a word document you can do on this page.Experiment a little bit with the different tools before you make your blog entry. You need to use the Create New Entry and USE TEXT EDITOR buttons every time you make a new blog entry. Always remember to save before posting your blog entry. If you need help to get started with your Blog, do not hesitate to contact your teacher. This week you should be spending time reading the novel â€Å"To Kill A Mockingbird†. As you read, remember to take notes in your Journal; it is a long novel and a lot of information to retain. [pic] End of Week 1 315 Clarendon Street, Thornbury 3071 | | |Telephone (03) 8480 0000 | | |FAX (03) 9416 8371 (Despatch) | | |Toll free (1800) 133 511 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |STUDENT NUMBER _________________ | | | | | |STUDENT NAME ____________________ | | | | | |___________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Fix your student barcode | | |label over this space. | | | | | | | | | | |30401 | | |[30401] | |SUBJECT |English 4 | | | | | | | | |[ZX] | |YEAR/LEVEL |10 |WEEK |1 | | |TEACHER |________________________ | | PLEASE ATTACH WORK TO BE SENT. NOTE: Please write your number on each page of your work which is attached to this page. SEND |Please check that you have attached: | ? Activity 1: I Knew That! And now I Know†¦ If you have not included any of these items, please explain why not. _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ ___________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Use the space on the back of this sheet if you have any questions you would like to ask, or problems with your work that you would like to share with your teacher. | |YOUR QUESTIONS AND COMMENTS | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |DISTANCE EDUCATION CENTRE TEACHER’S COMMENTS | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |DISTANCE EDUCATION CENTRE TEACHER | ———————– Chapter 1: What do you learn in this chapter about Maycomb, Atticus Finch and his family? What do you learn about Dill's character? What, briefly, has happened to Arthur â€Å"Boo† Radley. Why does the Radley place fascinate Scout, Jem and Dill? What do you notice about the narrative voice and viewpoint in the novel? Chapter 2: Why is Scout so looking forward to starting sc hool?Why does Jem not want anything to do with Scout at school? Is his behaviour typical of an older child? What do you think of Miss Caroline Fisher as a teacher? Can you find qualities which would make her good or not so good at her job? Chapter 3: Who is Calpurnia? What is her place in the Finch household? What is Walter Cunningham like? What does his behaviour during lunch suggest about his home life? What do you think of the way Atticus treats Walter? Does Scout learn anything from Walter's visit? What do you think this is? Atticus says that you never really understand a person â€Å"until you climb into his skin and walk around in it†. What does this mean? Is it an easy thing for Scout to learn? In the last chapter of the novel, Scout repeats this, but she changes â€Å"skin† to â€Å"shoes† – this is probably not a mistake: Harper Lee suggests that Scout cannot clearly recall exactly what Atticus said and when, but the reader can check this! ) What do you learn in this chapter about the Ewells? Chapter 4: What does Scout think of current fashions in education? What superstitions do the children have in connection with the Radley house? Why do the children make Boo's story into a game? What do they do in this game? Do you think the game is an accurate version of what happens in the Radleys' home? What might be the cause of the laughter from inside the house? Chapter 5: Describe Miss Maudie Atkinson? How typical is she of Maycomb's women? What do the children think of her?What does Miss Maudie tell Scout about Boo? How does this compare with what Scout already believes? Scout claims that â€Å"Dill could tell the biggest ones † (lies) she ever heard. Why might Dill have told such lies? What reasons does Atticus give for the children not to play the Boo Radley game? Do you think he is right? Why? Chapter 6: Why does Scout disapprove of Jem's and Dill's plan of looking in at one of the Radleys' windows? What does Mr. Natha n Radley know about the intruders in his garden? Why does Miss Stephanie refer to a â€Å"negro† over whose head Mr. Nathan has fired? Why does Dill's explanation of Jem's state of dress almost land him in trouble? Chapter 7:When Jem tells Scout about getting his trousers back, he tells her of something strange. What is this? Can you find any evidence that Jem is beginning to understand more than Scout about Boo Radley? What do you think this is? Does Jem still fear the gifts in the tree? Give reasons for your answer. When the children plan to send a letter to the person who leaves the gifts, they are prevented. How does this happen? Who does it, and why might he do so? Chapter 8: Why does Scout quiz Atticus about his visit to the Radley house? How much does Atticus tell her? What is the â€Å"near libel† which Jem puts in the front yard? How do Miss Maudie and Atticus react to it? Why does Atticus save Miss Maudie's oak rocking chair?When Atticus asks Scout about the blanket around her shoulders, what does Jem realize? Explain what Atticus means by telling Jem not to let his discovery â€Å"inspire † him to â€Å"further glory†? Is there any reason why Jem might now do as his father says? Chapter 9: How well does Atticus feel he should defend Tom Robinson? Is it usual for (white) lawyers to do their best for black clients in Alabama at this time? Scout and Jem have â€Å"mixed feelings† about Christmas? What are these feelings and why? Uncle Jack Finch tells Scout that she is growing out of her pants. What does this mean and why might he say it? When Francis talks to Scout he reveals an unpleasant feature of Aunt Alexandra. What is this?Does Scout learn anything from overhearing Atticus's conversation with Uncle Jack? What might this be? Read the final sentence of this chapter. Explain in your own words what it means and why it might be important in the story. Chapter 15: What is the â€Å"nightmare† that now descends upon the children? What was (and is) the Ku Klux Klan? What do you think of Atticus's comment about it? How does Jem react when Atticus tells him to go home, and why? What persuades the lynching-party to give up their attempt on Tom's life? Comment on the way Scout affects events without realizing it at the time. Chapter 14: Comment on Atticus's explanation of rape.How suitable is this as an answer to Scout. Why does Alexandra think Atticus should dismiss Calpurnia? How does Atticus respond to the suggestion? Why is Scout pleased when Jem fights her back? Why is she less pleased when he tells Atticus about Dill? What do we learn from Dill's account of his running away? Chapter 13: Why does Aunt Alexandra come to stay with Atticus and his family? What is she like? Read the first two things Alexandra says when she comes to the Finch house. Are these typical of her or not? Alexandra thinks Scout is â€Å"dull† (not clever). Why does she think this, and is she right? Are all adu lts good at knowing how clever young people are?How does Aunt Alexandra involve herself in Maycomb's social life? Comment on Aunt Alexandra's ideas about breeding and family. Why does Atticus tell them to forget it? Who is right, do you think? Chapter 10: Scout says that â€Å"Atticus was feeble†. Do you think that this is her view as she tells the story or her view when she was younger? Does she still think this after the events recorded in this chapter? In this chapter Atticus tells his children that â€Å"it's a sin to kill a mockingbird†. What reason does he give for saying this? Why does Heck Tate not want to shoot Tim Johnson? Near the end of this chapter Atticus cuts off Heck Tate as he is speaking to Jem.What might Heck have been about to say, and why would Atticus want to stop him from saying it? Jem and Scout have different views about telling people at school how well Atticus can shoot. Explain this difference. Which view is closer to your own? Chapter 11 Ho w does Atticus advise Jem to react to Mrs. Dubose's taunts? What does Mrs. Dubose say about the children's mother? How does Jem feel about this? What request does Mrs. Dubose make of Jem? Is this a fair punishment for his â€Å"crime†? Explain in your own words what Atticus thinks of insults like â€Å"nigger-lover†. How far do you agree with him? Why, in Atticus's view, was Mrs. Dubose â€Å"a great lady†? Atticus says that Mrs.Dubose is a model of real courage rather than â€Å"a man with a gun in his hand†. What does he mean? Do you think he is right? Chapters ten and eleven are the last two chapters in the first part of the book. Explain why Harper Lee chooses to end the first part here. Chapter 12: Comment on Jem's and Scout's visit to First Purchase church. What new things does Scout learn here about how the black people live? What does Scout learn from Calpurnia's account of Zeebo's education? Explain why Calpurnia speaks differently in the Finch h ousehold, and among her neighbours at church. Chapter 13: Why does Aunt Alexandra come to stay with Atticus and his family? What is she like?Read the first two things Alexandra says when she comes to the Finch house. Are these typical of her or not? Alexandra thinks Scout is â€Å"dull† (not clever). Why does she think this, and is she right? Are all adults good at knowing how clever young people are? How does Aunt Alexandra involve herself in Maycomb's social life? Comment on Aunt Alexandra's ideas about breeding and family. Why does Atticus tell them to forget it? Who is right, do you think? Chapter 14: Comment on Atticus's explanation of rape. How suitable is this as an answer to Scout. Why does Alexandra think Atticus should dismiss Calpurnia? How does Atticus respond to the suggestion?Why is Scout pleased when Jem fights her back? Why is she less pleased when he tells Atticus about Dill? What do we learn from Dill's account of his running away? Chapter 23: What do you th ink of Atticus's reaction to Bob Ewell's challenge? Should he have ignored Bob, retaliated or done something else? What is â€Å"circumstantial evidence†? What has it got to do with Tom's conviction? What does Atticus tell Scout about why the jury took so long to convict Tom? Why does Aunt Alexandra accept that the Cunninghams may be good but are not â€Å"our kind of folks†? Do you think that people should mix only with others of the same social class? Are class-divisions good or bad for societies?At the end of this chapter, Jem forms a new theory about why Boo Radley has never left his house in years. What is this? How likely is it to be true, in your opinion? Chapter 22: Although Atticus did not want his children in court, he defends Jem's right to know what has happened. Explain, in your own words, Atticus's reasons for this. (Look at the speech beginning, â€Å"This is their home, sister. †) Miss Maudie tells Jem that â€Å"things are never as bad as they seem†. What reasons does she give for this view? Why does Dill say that he will be a clown when he grows up? Do you think he would keep this ambition for long? This story is set in the 1930s but was published in 1960.Have attitudes to racism remained the same (in the USA and the UK) or have there been any changes (for the better or worse) since then, in your view? Why does Bob Ewell feel so angry with Atticus? Do you think his threat is a real one, and how might he try to â€Å"get† Atticus? Chapter 20: Scout says that â€Å"Mr. Dolphus Raymond was an evil man†. Is she right? In most states of the USA people who drink alcohol in public places are required to hide their bottle in a paper bag. Why does Dolphus Raymond hide Coca-Cola in a bag? What, according to Atticus, is the thing that Mayella has done wrong? Explain, in your own words, Atticus's views on people's being equal. Chapter 15:What is the â€Å"nightmare† that now descends upon the children? Wha t was (and is) the Ku Klux Klan? What do you think of Atticus's comment about it? How does Jem react when Atticus tells him to go home, and why? What persuades the lynching-party to give up their attempt on Tom's life? Comment on the way Scout affects events without realizing it at the time. Chapter 16: What â€Å"subtle change† does Scout notice in her father? What sort of person is Dolphus Raymond? How does Reverend Sykes help the children see and hear the trial? Is he right to do? Comment on Judge Taylor's attitude to his job. Does he take the trial seriously or not? Chapter 17 What are the main points in Heck Tate's evidence?What does Atticus show in his cross-examination of Sheriff Tate? What do we learn indirectly of the home life of the Ewell family in this chapter? What do you learn from Bob Ewell's evidence? Why does Atticus ask Bob Ewell to write out his name? What does the jury see when he does this? Chapter 19: What made Tom visit the Ewell's house in the first pl ace? Why does Scout think that Mayella Ewell was â€Å"the loneliest person in the world†? In your own words explain Mayella's relationship with her father. How does Dill react to this part of the trial? Why is this, in your opinion? Chapter 18: Is Mayella like her father or different from him? In what ways?What might be the reason for Mayella's crying in the court? How does Mayella react to Atticus's politeness? Is she used to people being polite? How well does Mr. Gilmer prove Tom's guilt in the eyes of the reader (you) and in the eyes of the jury? Can you suggest why these might be different? Chapter 21: What does Jem expect the verdict to be? Does Atticus think the same? What is unusual about how long it takes the jury to reach a verdict? Is the verdict predictable or not? As Scout waits for the verdict, she thinks of earlier events. What are these and how do they remind us of the novel's central themes? Chapter 20: Scout says that â€Å"Mr. Dolphus Raymond was an evil m an†. Is she right?In most states of the USA people who drink alcohol in public places are required to hide their bottle in a paper bag. Why does Dolphus Raymond hide Coca-Cola in a bag? What, according to Atticus, is the thing that Mayella has done wrong? Explain, in your own words, Atticus's views on people's being equal. Chapter 22: Although Atticus did not want his children in court, he defends Jem's right to know what has happened. Explain, in your own words, Atticus's reasons for this. (Look at the speech beginning, â€Å"This is their home, sister. †) Miss Maudie tells Jem that â€Å"things are never as bad as they seem†. What reasons does she give for this view? Why does Dill say that he will be a clown when he grows up?Do you think he would keep this ambition for long? This story is set in the 1930s but was published in 1960. Have attitudes to racism remained the same (in the USA and the UK) or have there been any changes (for the better or worse) since t hen, in your view? Why does Bob Ewell feel so angry with Atticus? Do you think his threat is a real one, and how might he try to â€Å"get† Atticus? Chapter 23: What do you think of Atticus's reaction to Bob Ewell's challenge? Should he have ignored Bob, retaliated or done something else? What is â€Å"circumstantial evidence†? What has it got to do with Tom's conviction? What does Atticus tell Scout about why the jury took so long to convict Tom?Why does Aunt Alexandra accept that the Cunninghams may be good but are not â€Å"our kind of folks†? Do you think that people should mix only with others of the same social class? Are class-divisions good or bad for societies? At the end of this chapter, Jem forms a new theory about why Boo Radley has never left his house in years. What is this? How likely is it to be true, in your opinion? Chapter 31: How do the events of the final chapters explain the first sentence in the whole novel? Comment on the way the writer s ummarizes earlier events to show their siginificance. How does Scout make sense of an earlier remark of Atticus's as she stands on the Radley porch?How much of a surprise is it to find what Boo Radley is really like? Has the story before this point prepared the reader for this discovery? At the end of the novel, Atticus reads to Scout. Comment on his choice of story. Does it have any connection with themes earlier in the novel and in its ending? Chapter 30: Who does Atticus think caused Bob Ewell's death? Why does Heck Tate insist that Bob Ewell's death was self-inflicted? In what way is this partly true? Is Heck Tate right to spare Boo then publicity of an inquest? Give reasons for your answer. How does the writer handle the appearance, at the end of the story, of Boo Radley? Chapter 29:What causes the â€Å"shiny clean line† on the otherwise â€Å"dull wire† of Scout's costume? What explanation does Atticus give for Bob Ewell's attack? What does Heck Tate give as the reason for the attack? Do you think the sheriff's explanation or Atticus's is the more likely to be true? Chapter 28: Comment on the way this chapter reminds the reader of earlier events in the novel. Why does Jem say that Boo Radley must not be at home? What is ironic about this? (Is it true? Does he really mean it? Why might it be important for him and Scout that Boo should not be at home? ) Scout decides to keep her costume on while walking home. How does this affect her understanding of what happens on the way?Why had Atticus not brought a chair for the man in the corner? Who might this stranger be? Chapter 27: What three things does Bob Ewell do that alarm Aunt Alexandra? Why, according to Atticus, does Bob Ewell bear a grudge? Which people does Ewell see as his enemies, and why? What was the purpose of the Halloween pageant? What practical joke had persuaded the grown ups to have an organized event? Chapter 26: In her lesson on Hitler, Miss Gates says that â€Å"we (American people) don't believe in persecuting anyone†. What seems odd to the reader about this claim? Why is Scout puzzled by Miss Gates' disapproval of Hitler? Why does Scout's question upset Jem?Is there a simple answer, or any answer, to the question â€Å"How can you hate Hitler an’ then turn around an be ugly about folks right at home? † Chapter 25: How does Maycomb react to the news of Tom's death? Comment on the idea that Tom's death was â€Å"typical†? Explain the contrast Scout draws between the court where Tom was tried and â€Å"the secret courts of men's hearts†. In what way are hearts like courts? Why did Jem not want Scout to tell Atticus about Bob Ewell's comment? Was this a wise thing to ask her to do? Chapter 24: Do you think the missionary ladies are sincere in worrying about the â€Å"Mrunas† (a tribe in Africa)? Give reasons for your answer.Compare the reactions of Miss Maudie and the other ladies when Scout says she is wearing he r â€Å"britches† under her dress. What is your opinion of the Maycomb ladies, as depicted in this chapter? Explain briefly how Tom was killed. What is Atticus's explanation for Tom's attempted escape. Do you think agree with Atticus? How, in this chapter, do we see Aunt Alexandra in a new light? How does Miss Maudie support her? Click on ENGLISH UNIT 4 YEAR 9/10 List of all your DECV Subjects Click on Create new entry Enter Your Journal title: Week 1 Activity 1 Your Full Name Date and time will automatically show Tick USE TEXT EDITOR Click to insert pictureYou can change the style, size and colour of your text font Once you are happy with your entry click Save Type your text here [pic] For Content: Kennedy Melissa, The Heinemann English Project Text Study: To Kill A Mockingbird, Heinemann, 2008 http://www. universalteacher. org. uk/gcse/mockingbird. htm For Images: http://www. theseattletraveler. com/wp-content/uploads/2007/09/to-kill-a-mockingbird-at-intiman-theatre. jpg ht tp://www. dvdbeaver. com/film/DVDReviews17/a%20to%20kill%20a%20mockingbird%20robert%20mulligan%20dvd%20review/title%20to%20kill%20a%20mockingbird%20robert%20mulligan%20dvd%20review%20. JPG http://www. amazon. com/gp/customer-media/product gallery/0446310786/ref=cm_ciu_pdp_images_all To Kill A Mockingbird and Chapter Week 1 Introducing â€Å"To Kill A Mockingbird† [pic] By the end of this week students should be able to: †¢ Complete a journal entry of their understanding of the novel. To Kill A Mockingbird The main text for study this semester is To Kill a Mockingbird, a Pulitzer Prize-winning novel by Harper Lee published in 1960. The novel is loosely based on the author's observations of her family and neighbours, as well as an event that occurred near her hometown when she was 10 years old. Lee's novel is widely taught in schools in English speaking countries with lessons that tie into tolerance and prejudice.The novel addresses themes such as courage, racial injustice, the death of innocence, tragedy, and coming of age, set against a backdrop of life in the Deep South. The character of Atticus Finch, the narrator's father, has served as a moral hero for many readers, and a singular model of integrity for lawyers. One writer noted its impact in saying, â€Å"In the twentieth centu ry, To Kill a Mockingbird is probably the most widely read book dealing with race in America, and its protagonist, Atticus Finch, the most enduring fictional image of racial heroism. â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird has proven to be not only an extraordinarily influential book, but a controversial one as well. Initially perceived as a novel addressing racial justice, To Kill a Mockingbird has been the target of various campaigns to have it removed from public classrooms, often for its use of racial epithets. Reading Goals and Workbook Before delving into the book make yourself regular reading goals. These will help you stay motivated with your reading and not forget any characters or important details! Two or three chapters a day or 30 minutes of reading each day is an excellent start. Read also  How Powerful Do You Find Atticus Finch’s Closing Speech?Also know your â€Å"peak time†. People work best at different times of the day, and only you know when you work most efficiently. Figure out when you seem to be more focused and organise your reading around that! This semester you will also be keeping a workbook (word document or exercise book); which you will be submitting at the end of the semester. There will be certain tasks we will be asking you to complete in your workbook and which you can post in My Online Journal in Janison if you wish to share these with other students.You should use your workbook as a tool to jot down your initial responses to topics, your reflections on particular ideas and so on. You can review and reflect upon your weekly work in your workbook. This is similar to the weekly reflections you completed at the end of each week in semester 1. You can also use your workbook to build up your English vocabulary. Every time you c ome across an unknown or unfamiliar word jot it down in your workbook and then work out its definition. If you choose to post some of your reflections online, you will find instructions on how to do this on pages 9-10.However, be mindful that if you choose to post your reflections online it will be accessible by other students and teachers. Therefore, if you do not wish to share your personal thoughts/reflections with others then you should not post these online. Instead it would be best to use a workbook (word document or exercise book) to store these reflections, and only post the required ‘Journal’ tasks online To Kill A Mockingbird Guide To Kill A Mockingbird is a great read! It is divided into two parts and comprises a total of thirty-one chapters. Part one introduces us to Maycomb and its inhabitants and the three major storylines in the novel:In Part two the racism in their community is revealed to the children through the trial of Tom Robinson. They learn about the positive and negative sides to human nature and solve the mystery of Boo Radley. Below and over the next few pages are questions that should help you find what is important in the novel and could prove useful for you understanding the plot, characters and themes in the book. Also they could be useful when you need to refer back to each chapter during your study of ‘To Kill A Mockingbird’. You do not have to answer the questions; they can act as points to summarize what happens in each chapter.However, you can choose to answer these questions by recording them in your workbook, or you can use chapter questions as a guide to writing a short summary about each chapter. Chapter-by-Chapter questions Activity 1: I Knew That! And now I know†¦ As you read the novel â€Å"To Kill A Mockingbird†, list five important things that you already knew about life in America in the 1930’s and five important things that you have learned. This task can be completed in you’re My Online Journal if you wish. If you complete it online, let your teacher know the date of your entry. I Knew†¦ | |1. | | | |2. | | | |3. | | | |4. | | | |5. | | | Now I know†¦ | |1. | | | |2. | | | |3. | | | |4. | | | |5. | | |Instructions for Setting up your Online Blog†¦ Go to www. distance. vic. edu. au and click on online courses. Your login is your DECV number and your password is your 8 digit date of birth, yearmonthday. For example, if your date of birth is 15th June 1992, then your password is 19920615. (Note that this is the backwards version of how you would normally write your birth date. ) Once you have logged in on the left side you will notice a tool bar with a list of all the subjects you are doing with the DECV. Click on ENGLISH UNIT 4 YEAR 9/10.The front page of the Year 10 English course will open. Go to the left side tool bar and Click on ‘My Online Journal’. My Online Journal area will open. Now it is time to make your first journal entry. Go to the right side of the ‘My Online Journal’ page and click on Create New Entry under the heading ACTIONS. A new page will open up titled EDIT/CREATE BLOG ENTRY. Tick the box USE TEXT EDITOR. The page will automatically refresh. You will notice that the Text Editor works like a Microsoft Word document. So anything you can do in a word document you can do on this page.Experiment a little bit with the different tools before you make your blog entry. You need to use the Create New Entry and USE TEXT EDITOR buttons every time you make a new blog entry. Always remember to save before posting your blog entry. If you need help to get started with your Blog, do not hesitate to contact your teacher. This week you should be spending time reading the novel â€Å"To Kill A Mockingbird†. As you read, remember to take notes in your Journal; it is a long novel and a lot of information to retain. [pic] End of Week 1 315 Clarendon Street, Thornbury 3071 | | |Telephone (03) 8480 0000 | | |FAX (03) 9416 8371 (Despatch) | | |Toll free (1800) 133 511 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |STUDENT NUMBER _________________ | | | | | |STUDENT NAME ____________________ | | | | | |___________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Fix your student barcode | | |label over this space. | | | | | | | | | | |30401 | | |[30401] | |SUBJECT |English 4 | | | | | | | | |[ZX] | |YEAR/LEVEL |10 |WEEK |1 | | |TEACHER |________________________ | | PLEASE ATTACH WORK TO BE SENT. NOTE: Please write your number on each page of your work which is attached to this page. SEND |Please check that you have attached: | ? Activity 1: I Knew That! And now I Know†¦ If you have not included any of these items, please explain why not. _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ ___________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Use the space on the back of this sheet if you have any questions you would like to ask, or problems with your work that you would like to share with your teacher. | |YOUR QUESTIONS AND COMMENTS | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |DISTANCE EDUCATION CENTRE TEACHER’S COMMENTS | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |DISTANCE EDUCATION CENTRE TEACHER | ———————– Chapter 1: What do you learn in this chapter about Maycomb, Atticus Finch and his family? What do you learn about Dill's character? What, briefly, has happened to Arthur â€Å"Boo† Radley. Why does the Radley place fascinate Scout, Jem and Dill? What do you notice about the narrative voice and viewpoint in the novel? Chapter 2: Why is Scout so looking forward to starting sc hool?Why does Jem not want anything to do with Scout at school? Is his behaviour typical of an older child? What do you think of Miss Caroline Fisher as a teacher? Can you find qualities which would make her good or not so good at her job? Chapter 3: Who is Calpurnia? What is her place in the Finch household? What is Walter Cunningham like? What does his behaviour during lunch suggest about his home life? What do you think of the way Atticus treats Walter? Does Scout learn anything from Walter's visit? What do you think this is? Atticus says that you never really understand a person â€Å"until you climb into his skin and walk around in it†. What does this mean? Is it an easy thing for Scout to learn? In the last chapter of the novel, Scout repeats this, but she changes â€Å"skin† to â€Å"shoes† – this is probably not a mistake: Harper Lee suggests that Scout cannot clearly recall exactly what Atticus said and when, but the reader can check this! ) What do you learn in this chapter about the Ewells? Chapter 4: What does Scout think of current fashions in education? What superstitions do the children have in connection with the Radley house? Why do the children make Boo's story into a game? What do they do in this game? Do you think the game is an accurate version of what happens in the Radleys' home? What might be the cause of the laughter from inside the house? Chapter 5: Describe Miss Maudie Atkinson? How typical is she of Maycomb's women? What do the children think of her?What does Miss Maudie tell Scout about Boo? How does this compare with what Scout already believes? Scout claims that â€Å"Dill could tell the biggest ones † (lies) she ever heard. Why might Dill have told such lies? What reasons does Atticus give for the children not to play the Boo Radley game? Do you think he is right? Why? Chapter 6: Why does Scout disapprove of Jem's and Dill's plan of looking in at one of the Radleys' windows? What does Mr. Natha n Radley know about the intruders in his garden? Why does Miss Stephanie refer to a â€Å"negro† over whose head Mr. Nathan has fired? Why does Dill's explanation of Jem's state of dress almost land him in trouble? Chapter 7:When Jem tells Scout about getting his trousers back, he tells her of something strange. What is this? Can you find any evidence that Jem is beginning to understand more than Scout about Boo Radley? What do you think this is? Does Jem still fear the gifts in the tree? Give reasons for your answer. When the children plan to send a letter to the person who leaves the gifts, they are prevented. How does this happen? Who does it, and why might he do so? Chapter 8: Why does Scout quiz Atticus about his visit to the Radley house? How much does Atticus tell her? What is the â€Å"near libel† which Jem puts in the front yard? How do Miss Maudie and Atticus react to it? Why does Atticus save Miss Maudie's oak rocking chair?When Atticus asks Scout about the blanket around her shoulders, what does Jem realize? Explain what Atticus means by telling Jem not to let his discovery â€Å"inspire † him to â€Å"further glory†? Is there any reason why Jem might now do as his father says? Chapter 9: How well does Atticus feel he should defend Tom Robinson? Is it usual for (white) lawyers to do their best for black clients in Alabama at this time? Scout and Jem have â€Å"mixed feelings† about Christmas? What are these feelings and why? Uncle Jack Finch tells Scout that she is growing out of her pants. What does this mean and why might he say it? When Francis talks to Scout he reveals an unpleasant feature of Aunt Alexandra. What is this?Does Scout learn anything from overhearing Atticus's conversation with Uncle Jack? What might this be? Read the final sentence of this chapter. Explain in your own words what it means and why it might be important in the story. Chapter 15: What is the â€Å"nightmare† that now descends upon the children? What was (and is) the Ku Klux Klan? What do you think of Atticus's comment about it? How does Jem react when Atticus tells him to go home, and why? What persuades the lynching-party to give up their attempt on Tom's life? Comment on the way Scout affects events without realizing it at the time. Chapter 14: Comment on Atticus's explanation of rape.How suitable is this as an answer to Scout. Why does Alexandra think Atticus should dismiss Calpurnia? How does Atticus respond to the suggestion? Why is Scout pleased when Jem fights her back? Why is she less pleased when he tells Atticus about Dill? What do we learn from Dill's account of his running away? Chapter 13: Why does Aunt Alexandra come to stay with Atticus and his family? What is she like? Read the first two things Alexandra says when she comes to the Finch house. Are these typical of her or not? Alexandra thinks Scout is â€Å"dull† (not clever). Why does she think this, and is she right? Are all adu lts good at knowing how clever young people are?How does Aunt Alexandra involve herself in Maycomb's social life? Comment on Aunt Alexandra's ideas about breeding and family. Why does Atticus tell them to forget it? Who is right, do you think? Chapter 10: Scout says that â€Å"Atticus was feeble†. Do you think that this is her view as she tells the story or her view when she was younger? Does she still think this after the events recorded in this chapter? In this chapter Atticus tells his children that â€Å"it's a sin to kill a mockingbird†. What reason does he give for saying this? Why does Heck Tate not want to shoot Tim Johnson? Near the end of this chapter Atticus cuts off Heck Tate as he is speaking to Jem.What might Heck have been about to say, and why would Atticus want to stop him from saying it? Jem and Scout have different views about telling people at school how well Atticus can shoot. Explain this difference. Which view is closer to your own? Chapter 11 Ho w does Atticus advise Jem to react to Mrs. Dubose's taunts? What does Mrs. Dubose say about the children's mother? How does Jem feel about this? What request does Mrs. Dubose make of Jem? Is this a fair punishment for his â€Å"crime†? Explain in your own words what Atticus thinks of insults like â€Å"nigger-lover†. How far do you agree with him? Why, in Atticus's view, was Mrs. Dubose â€Å"a great lady†? Atticus says that Mrs.Dubose is a model of real courage rather than â€Å"a man with a gun in his hand†. What does he mean? Do you think he is right? Chapters ten and eleven are the last two chapters in the first part of the book. Explain why Harper Lee chooses to end the first part here. Chapter 12: Comment on Jem's and Scout's visit to First Purchase church. What new things does Scout learn here about how the black people live? What does Scout learn from Calpurnia's account of Zeebo's education? Explain why Calpurnia speaks differently in the Finch h ousehold, and among her neighbours at church. Chapter 13: Why does Aunt Alexandra come to stay with Atticus and his family? What is she like?Read the first two things Alexandra says when she comes to the Finch house. Are these typical of her or not? Alexandra thinks Scout is â€Å"dull† (not clever). Why does she think this, and is she right? Are all adults good at knowing how clever young people are? How does Aunt Alexandra involve herself in Maycomb's social life? Comment on Aunt Alexandra's ideas about breeding and family. Why does Atticus tell them to forget it? Who is right, do you think? Chapter 14: Comment on Atticus's explanation of rape. How suitable is this as an answer to Scout. Why does Alexandra think Atticus should dismiss Calpurnia? How does Atticus respond to the suggestion?Why is Scout pleased when Jem fights her back? Why is she less pleased when he tells Atticus about Dill? What do we learn from Dill's account of his running away? Chapter 23: What do you th ink of Atticus's reaction to Bob Ewell's challenge? Should he have ignored Bob, retaliated or done something else? What is â€Å"circumstantial evidence†? What has it got to do with Tom's conviction? What does Atticus tell Scout about why the jury took so long to convict Tom? Why does Aunt Alexandra accept that the Cunninghams may be good but are not â€Å"our kind of folks†? Do you think that people should mix only with others of the same social class? Are class-divisions good or bad for societies?At the end of this chapter, Jem forms a new theory about why Boo Radley has never left his house in years. What is this? How likely is it to be true, in your opinion? Chapter 22: Although Atticus did not want his children in court, he defends Jem's right to know what has happened. Explain, in your own words, Atticus's reasons for this. (Look at the speech beginning, â€Å"This is their home, sister. †) Miss Maudie tells Jem that â€Å"things are never as bad as they seem†. What reasons does she give for this view? Why does Dill say that he will be a clown when he grows up? Do you think he would keep this ambition for long? This story is set in the 1930s but was published in 1960.Have attitudes to racism remained the same (in the USA and the UK) or have there been any changes (for the better or worse) since then, in your view? Why does Bob Ewell feel so angry with Atticus? Do you think his threat is a real one, and how might he try to â€Å"get† Atticus? Chapter 20: Scout says that â€Å"Mr. Dolphus Raymond was an evil man†. Is she right? In most states of the USA people who drink alcohol in public places are required to hide their bottle in a paper bag. Why does Dolphus Raymond hide Coca-Cola in a bag? What, according to Atticus, is the thing that Mayella has done wrong? Explain, in your own words, Atticus's views on people's being equal. Chapter 15:What is the â€Å"nightmare† that now descends upon the children? Wha t was (and is) the Ku Klux Klan? What do you think of Atticus's comment about it? How does Jem react when Atticus tells him to go home, and why? What persuades the lynching-party to give up their attempt on Tom's life? Comment on the way Scout affects events without realizing it at the time. Chapter 16: What â€Å"subtle change† does Scout notice in her father? What sort of person is Dolphus Raymond? How does Reverend Sykes help the children see and hear the trial? Is he right to do? Comment on Judge Taylor's attitude to his job. Does he take the trial seriously or not? Chapter 17 What are the main points in Heck Tate's evidence?What does Atticus show in his cross-examination of Sheriff Tate? What do we learn indirectly of the home life of the Ewell family in this chapter? What do you learn from Bob Ewell's evidence? Why does Atticus ask Bob Ewell to write out his name? What does the jury see when he does this? Chapter 19: What made Tom visit the Ewell's house in the first pl ace? Why does Scout think that Mayella Ewell was â€Å"the loneliest person in the world†? In your own words explain Mayella's relationship with her father. How does Dill react to this part of the trial? Why is this, in your opinion? Chapter 18: Is Mayella like her father or different from him? In what ways?What might be the reason for Mayella's crying in the court? How does Mayella react to Atticus's politeness? Is she used to people being polite? How well does Mr. Gilmer prove Tom's guilt in the eyes of the reader (you) and in the eyes of the jury? Can you suggest why these might be different? Chapter 21: What does Jem expect the verdict to be? Does Atticus think the same? What is unusual about how long it takes the jury to reach a verdict? Is the verdict predictable or not? As Scout waits for the verdict, she thinks of earlier events. What are these and how do they remind us of the novel's central themes? Chapter 20: Scout says that â€Å"Mr. Dolphus Raymond was an evil m an†. Is she right?In most states of the USA people who drink alcohol in public places are required to hide their bottle in a paper bag. Why does Dolphus Raymond hide Coca-Cola in a bag? What, according to Atticus, is the thing that Mayella has done wrong? Explain, in your own words, Atticus's views on people's being equal. Chapter 22: Although Atticus did not want his children in court, he defends Jem's right to know what has happened. Explain, in your own words, Atticus's reasons for this. (Look at the speech beginning, â€Å"This is their home, sister. †) Miss Maudie tells Jem that â€Å"things are never as bad as they seem†. What reasons does she give for this view? Why does Dill say that he will be a clown when he grows up?Do you think he would keep this ambition for long? This story is set in the 1930s but was published in 1960. Have attitudes to racism remained the same (in the USA and the UK) or have there been any changes (for the better or worse) since t hen, in your view? Why does Bob Ewell feel so angry with Atticus? Do you think his threat is a real one, and how might he try to â€Å"get† Atticus? Chapter 23: What do you think of Atticus's reaction to Bob Ewell's challenge? Should he have ignored Bob, retaliated or done something else? What is â€Å"circumstantial evidence†? What has it got to do with Tom's conviction? What does Atticus tell Scout about why the jury took so long to convict Tom?Why does Aunt Alexandra accept that the Cunninghams may be good but are not â€Å"our kind of folks†? Do you think that people should mix only with others of the same social class? Are class-divisions good or bad for societies? At the end of this chapter, Jem forms a new theory about why Boo Radley has never left his house in years. What is this? How likely is it to be true, in your opinion? Chapter 31: How do the events of the final chapters explain the first sentence in the whole novel? Comment on the way the writer s ummarizes earlier events to show their siginificance. How does Scout make sense of an earlier remark of Atticus's as she stands on the Radley porch?How much of a surprise is it to find what Boo Radley is really like? Has the story before this point prepared the reader for this discovery? At the end of the novel, Atticus reads to Scout. Comment on his choice of story. Does it have any connection with themes earlier in the novel and in its ending? Chapter 30: Who does Atticus think caused Bob Ewell's death? Why does Heck Tate insist that Bob Ewell's death was self-inflicted? In what way is this partly true? Is Heck Tate right to spare Boo then publicity of an inquest? Give reasons for your answer. How does the writer handle the appearance, at the end of the story, of Boo Radley? Chapter 29:What causes the â€Å"shiny clean line† on the otherwise â€Å"dull wire† of Scout's costume? What explanation does Atticus give for Bob Ewell's attack? What does Heck Tate give as the reason for the attack? Do you think the sheriff's explanation or Atticus's is the more likely to be true? Chapter 28: Comment on the way this chapter reminds the reader of earlier events in the novel. Why does Jem say that Boo Radley must not be at home? What is ironic about this? (Is it true? Does he really mean it? Why might it be important for him and Scout that Boo should not be at home? ) Scout decides to keep her costume on while walking home. How does this affect her understanding of what happens on the way?Why had Atticus not brought a chair for the man in the corner? Who might this stranger be? Chapter 27: What three things does Bob Ewell do that alarm Aunt Alexandra? Why, according to Atticus, does Bob Ewell bear a grudge? Which people does Ewell see as his enemies, and why? What was the purpose of the Halloween pageant? What practical joke had persuaded the grown ups to have an organized event? Chapter 26: In her lesson on Hitler, Miss Gates says that â€Å"we (American people) don't believe in persecuting anyone†. What seems odd to the reader about this claim? Why is Scout puzzled by Miss Gates' disapproval of Hitler? Why does Scout's question upset Jem?Is there a simple answer, or any answer, to the question â€Å"How can you hate Hitler an’ then turn around an be ugly about folks right at home? † Chapter 25: How does Maycomb react to the news of Tom's death? Comment on the idea that Tom's death was â€Å"typical†? Explain the contrast Scout draws between the court where Tom was tried and â€Å"the secret courts of men's hearts†. In what way are hearts like courts? Why did Jem not want Scout to tell Atticus about Bob Ewell's comment? Was this a wise thing to ask her to do? Chapter 24: Do you think the missionary ladies are sincere in worrying about the â€Å"Mrunas† (a tribe in Africa)? Give reasons for your answer.Compare the reactions of Miss Maudie and the other ladies when Scout says she is wearing he r â€Å"britches† under her dress. What is your opinion of the Maycomb ladies, as depicted in this chapter? Explain briefly how Tom was killed. What is Atticus's explanation for Tom's attempted escape. Do you think agree with Atticus? How, in this chapter, do we see Aunt Alexandra in a new light? How does Miss Maudie support her? Click on ENGLISH UNIT 4 YEAR 9/10 List of all your DECV Subjects Click on Create new entry Enter Your Journal title: Week 1 Activity 1 Your Full Name Date and time will automatically show Tick USE TEXT EDITOR Click to insert pictureYou can change the style, size and colour of your text font Once you are happy with your entry click Save Type your text here [pic] For Content: Kennedy Melissa, The Heinemann English Project Text Study: To Kill A Mockingbird, Heinemann, 2008 http://www. universalteacher. org. uk/gcse/mockingbird. htm For Images: http://www. theseattletraveler. com/wp-content/uploads/2007/09/to-kill-a-mockingbird-at-intiman-theatre. jpg ht tp://www. dvdbeaver. com/film/DVDReviews17/a%20to%20kill%20a%20mockingbird%20robert%20mulligan%20dvd%20review/title%20to%20kill%20a%20mockingbird%20robert%20mulligan%20dvd%20review%20. JPG http://www. amazon. com/gp/customer-media/product gallery/0446310786/ref=cm_ciu_pdp_images_all

Lack of Staff diversity in prisons Research Paper

Lack of Staff diversity in prisons - Research Paper Example Added to this is the diverse racial and ethnic population in today’s prisons, the diverse levels of education of the prison population, the lack of diversity of staff in the corrections system and the need for educational support that is equitable for all prisoners. Lack of Staff Diversity in Prisons Introduction There has been a dramatic increase over the past few decades in the number of women who enter the field of corrections and in fact, there is reported to be significantly more women employed in jails and prisons than men. This has resulted in gender-based issues relating to corrections employment that needs examined in the research. In addition, there has been a significant increase in the number of women who are being incarcerated in today’s prisons and this too has affected and served to change the face of the environment for those employed in prisons corrections facilities. Added to this is the diverse racial and ethnic population in today’s prisons, t he diverse levels of education of the prison population, the lack of diversity of staff in the corrections system and the need for educational support that is equitable for all prisoners. I. ... y reported having been conducted at three Midwestern prisons states finding that â€Å"no relationship between gender and job stress was found.† (Lambert, et al, 2007, p.18) A separate study conducted of correctional officers at a Southwestern correctional facility reports findings that â€Å"no significant relationship between gender and job stress† was found. (p.18) In yet another study conducted among Pacific Northwest correctional officers findings show that â€Å"†¦female and male staff had similar levels of burnout in terms of emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment.† (Lambert, et al, 2007, p. 18) Findings show that female and male respondents â€Å"generally reported the same level of job stress.† (Lambert, et al, 2007, p. 18) Lambert et al (2007) reports that the research on differences in corrections to date on gender issues is â€Å"rather mixed. There is support that men and women differ in some areas, while in other areas, there appears to be no gender difference between correctional officers and their works and work attitudes.† (p.19) Britton (1997) reports conclusions from a qualitative study that â€Å"gender was important in how correctional staff perceived their work environments† although quantitative studies are reported to have found no differences. However, other quantitative studies did find differences in this area of study. The work of Reijnders (1996) entitled â€Å"A Library Service for Multicultural Groups in Dutch Prisons† reports that many of the prisoners in the Netherlands are not able to understand Dutch and this results in isolation for these prisoners. However, delivery of books in the language of the prisoners assists in easing the time they are incarcerated. However, gathering a collection of foreign books that are diverse in

Speaker Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Speaker - Essay Example his could be attributed to the cause he took in the civil rights movement of ending segregation as well as the effective use of rhetorical tools of ethos, pathos, and logos that made his speeches very powerful. He combined emotional appeal with his integrity of character being a minister and then delivered with an impeccable logic that made his speeches very persuasive. The speech that I saw begun by agitating the audience through the use of ethos or emotion by first mentioning the broken promise of the Emancipation Proclamation which should have freed the Negro slaves and yet the Negro is still enslaved. He elaborated the plight of the Negro as he languished in poverty and misery which his audience could relate. Further, he fanned this flamed emotion (ethos) by appealing to their desires to be free and equal by the speech’s main theme of his dream which is also the dream of every Negro. This to the audience, including me, is very compelling that if I were born during his time, I may have also heeded his call to end the segregation. Praetorius, Dean. "MLK Jr. "I Have A Dream" Speech (VIDEO)." The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 14 Jan. 2011. Web. 4 Jan. 2014.

Modernism of Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Modernism of Art - Essay Example The essay "Modernism of Art" analyzes the art in the context of modernism movement. The paper discovers also the work of Jack Ryan, as representative of modernism. Most of Jack Ryan’s works are engaged in the automobile in the form of humanity and employing the automotive designs landscapes with main aim of building human understanding. According to Jack Ryan, his ideals of automobiles are to exemplify an idealized and fantastical sense and desire that offers a timeline that display both human sincerity and absurdity. These works have embodied the best and worst of human desire and ingenuity with the aim of tethering humanity to practicality. Regarding to sculpture, drawings, and multimedia electronics and designs, the contribution of Ryan’s to modern art is triangulates between immense qualities of sound, personal history, and cultural conditions especially in the understanding and perception. However, for the visual world, he has demonstrated experience through sounds that have provided him with opportunities to explore physical awareness of space and environment deeply. Additionally, in most of his recent works and projects, he has related sound and visual interrelationship and the responsibility of the stimulation and visual as a single aesthetic form. In these works, Ryan has exhibited the new listeners through a bi-lateral stimulation and Eye Movement Decentralization and responsibility strategies. These strategies have created a therapeutic process to be used especially in on the trauma victims. particularly solders with an aim to create an environment that links brain hemispheres for addressing issues related with the trauma. Form these strategies and principles of the EMDR towards shaping the installations that can influence states especially neurological from using sound and light patterns. It should be note d that Ryan is an artist who is an independent curator and a co-finder of fugitive projects that is based out of the Nashville. Mor eover, he is a member of the Ditch Projects. Most of his exhibition, Ryan has conducted is historical work in places including Maison Laurentine (Paris France), Cascade Galley (Portland OR), and Archer Gallery (Vancouver WA). These multimedia works have been so creative especially attractive and appealing to the eye that they achieve their intended work. Most of his work have created impact in the united states include his shows in the America university Museum situated in the Washington DC powerhouse (Memphis) (Gablik 476). Many industrial drone and doom metal with some of his bands utilizing primary fabricated customs have published Ryan’s works that usually use speakers and machines or controllers. Ryan has exhibited and performed most of these machines in exhibitions and festivals especially in the United States and more extensively in countries outside the United States. He did release his albums that might be considered art or sculpture towards serving the humanity and the environment. The above work art clearly indicate that Ryan’s well articulation of his work that makes his work attractive thereby making being used in museums and part of historical art. The effective of such usage in Ryan’s work is that most of them are often formed or pegged on collective work of different artists including those that are pegged Whitney’

Japan's postwar economic development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Japan's postwar economic development - Essay Example Although there are different opinions about the fiscal policies that it has been following, this paper would make a positive evaluation of Japan’s economic past. Taking in to account the extraordinary economic growth that the nation has accomplished one can state that the nation’s transformation process was highly appreciable and unparallel to any other nations since the Second World War. As Duss rightly puts it, ‘The Japanese model of economic growth’ has become one of the most discussed topics among scholars and public officials (Duus, 1998, p.17). The economic growth of Japan after the World War II is often termed as a postwar miracle. Number of factors could be considered as the contributing forces behind the miracle including the United States’ investment. One can notice that it was the innovative economic policy of Japanese government on international trade and industry that paved the way for the nation’s rapid industrial and economic growth. The commercial and financial burden caused by the war remained a threat to Japan’s economy. Inflation, poverty, unemployment and related miseries reached their peak soon after the Second World War. The American government under the supervision of the allied powers played a pivotal role in Japan’s economic recovery. The SCAP (Supreme commander of the allied powers) official with an intention to prevent militarism as well as communism undertook the developmental programs. Military aggression in the Korean cape also boosted the economy in 1950 because the US g overnment contributed huge amount of special procurements for the nation. Today, Japan has become a potential competitor to USA and China with regard to the export of consumer goods and industrial products, and has proved to be one of the leading industrial powers among world nations. The initial target of postwar Japan was to enhance its production capabilities and become a self sufficient economy in

Principles of Managing Operations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

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Diageo Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Diageo - Coursework Example Finally, a market study of the beverage industry has been prepared that highlights the statistics within the industry today. The companies that are on top of the business have been identified with the help of a graph. The current developments of the company have also been provided as a conclusion to the report. Diageo PLC is a multinational British alcohol company, and one of the biggest alcohol companies in the world. The company was formed in 1997, with the merger of Guinness PLC, its primary parent company, with Grand Metropolitan PLC (GrandMet), a hotel chain with brewing interests (diageo.com). At that time, it was a large multinational with a share in food as well as drinks industry. Today, however, the company has shed most of its food business and concentrates on alcohol, acquiring new spirit brands. Diageo is a global company, with a presence in over 180 markets around the world. It has manufacturing facilities across the globe including UK, US, Canada, Africa, Australia, India, Ireland, Spain, Italy, Latin America and the Caribbean. Diageo produces and distributes a leading collection of branded premium spirits, beer and wine. ... Diageo is the leading premium spirits business in the world by volume and net sales. As on August 29, 2007, Diageo is the seventh largest publicly quoted company in the UK in terms of market capitalization. Diageo is engaged in a broad range of activities within the beverage alcohol industry. Its operations include producing, distilling, brewing, bottling, packaging, distributing and marketing a range of brands, including some of the world's leading spirits and beer brands. Being a part of the alcohol industry, Diageo is involved in various development programmes that focus on spreading awareness regarding alcohol abuse, drunken driving and misuse of alcohol and conducting workshops to prevent such social evils. Diageo projects an image of itself as a clean, friendly and ethically oriented company with a commitment to corporate social responsibility (diageo.com) 1. Competitors Diageo's major competitors include Pernod Ricard, Fortune Brands and Brown-Forman, which have several brands that compete directly with Diageo's brands. Over the long term, Diageo's strategy is to continually focus on driving growth and increasing shareholder value. Pernod Ricard - Pernod Ricard is the world's second largest in wines and spirits. This Paris based company was formed as a result of 1975 merger between two French distillers. The company focuses on sustained development founded on organic growth and successive acquisitions. Pernod Ricard's purchase of Seagram in 2001 and Allied Domecq in July 2005 landed the company in the second position it enjoys today. The company adopts a decentralized management structure so as to ensure that decisions are taken closer to its customers. The company's brands include Chivas Regal, Martell,

Use appropriate chemical tests Essay Example for Free

Use appropriate chemical tests Essay P5 Use appropriate chemical tests to identify different dietary nutrients Minerals Biochemical test Positive results Why are they needed and the implications without them Starch The easiest way to test for starch is by adding an Iodine or potassium iodide solution. This is commonly used on bread. The iodine or potassium iodide solution will colour of the bread from brown to black. Starch influences the speed at which glucose is digested in the body. Starch converts into sugar and provides cells with energy. However if the cells do not require that energy, it is stored and used at a later time. Excess amounts of starch would turn into fat. Without a healthy supply of starch people would get tired and sluggish, due to the lack of energy in their body. Digestive difficulties, heart disease and kidney stones can also result from a lack of starch. Sugars (excluding sucrose) By adding Benedict’s solution, the substance being tested would need to be placed in a water bath and heated at 80Â °C in order to find out whether or not a sugar is present. If a sugar is found, the colour will change from blue to yellow/red. Sugar is used to fuel the human body. They do this by flowing into the bloodstream at a slower absorption rate which is healthy in the body. Without sugar people can become hypoglycemic which results in low energy levels and fainting. Sucrose sugar To test for sucrose the substance would need to be heated with dilute hydrochloric acid. This is so that that it can hydrolyse the sucrose to make glucose and fructose. When the colour changes from blue to green/yellow/red after hydrolysis, the Benedict’s test will be positive. This means that a sucrose sugar will be present. Sucrose is used in the body to make glucose. This process occurs in the liver where the sucrose is then split by hydrolysis. Like sugar they are used to provide energy to the cells. Without sucrose there could be a lower amount of glucose made. This can result in tiredness and potentially fainting. Lipids Ethanol is used to check for any lipids found in food. Once the ethanol is added, it would need to be shaken to reduce any fats. Once that process has finished the ethanol would need to poured into a test tube containing water. A white emulsion of fats should be present on top of the water. Lipids regulate the amount of fats in the body. These fats are then used as energy. Lipids also provide essential vitamins, regulate hormones and enzymes and protect the body. Without lipids all those functions would be reduced. Cell function and formation would be limited with a notable dip in energy also occurring. Absorption of nutrients would also be reduced as lipids regulate vitamin A, D, E and K in the body. Protein Add Biuret reagents of dilute sodium hydroxide on the substance. This is then followed by a dilute copper sulphate reagent. A colour change will occur is a lipid is present and the colour will change from blue to lilac or purple. Protein is essential in muscle development as it rebuilds and repairs them. Protein also manufactures antibodies which fight and prevent infection. A lack of protein would result in hair loss, slowness up healing and general weakness and lack of energy. Vitamin C DCPIP solution is added to the food substance being tested. If the blue colour of the DCPIP disappears then the food contains vitamin C. Vitamin C is needed for the production of protein collagen which help support body tissues. It also acts as a detoxifier as well as helping maintain blood vessel structure. Vitamin C deficiency would result in muscle and joint pains, easy bruising and tiredness. Gums may also start bleeding and swelling. Vitamins and Minerals A clean nichrome wire would need to be dipped in nitric acid and then placed on a Bunsen burner. The burner would need to be on its maximum heat setting and when there is no colour of the flame the nichrome wire has been removed of any contaminants. The wire would then need to be dipped in the food that it is being test. It is then placed on the Bunsen burner. The colours made are due to the minerals present in the food. The presence of potassium will produce a lilac flame. Calcium is present if the flame produces a red colour. If the flame is orange or yellow then sodium is present. Vitamins and minerals are split into a wide variety of beneficial substances. They ensure the body is functioning well. A deficiency in any of these would result in unhealthy development and poor cell function. Reference http://www. pearsonschoolsandfecolleges. co. uk/Secondary/Science/BTECAppliedScience/BTECLevel3NationalAppliedScience/Samples/StudentBook/BTECLevel3NationalAppliedScienceStudentBookUnit11. pdf http://www. ehow. com/how-does_4728406_sugar-affect-human-body. html#ixzz2K7KIoTsV http://www. ehow. com/about_4571150_does-vitamin-c-do-body. html#ixzz2K7QKUAsS. Read more:Â  Test for Carbohydrates